长期指令
长期指令授予您的代理对特定程序的永久操作权限。您无需每次都给出单独的任务指令,而是定义具有清晰范围、触发器和升级规则的程序——代理在这些边界内自主执行。
这就是每周五告诉助手“发送周报”与授予长期权限的区别:“周报由你全权负责。每周五整理并发送,只有在出现问题时才上报。”
为何使用长期指令
Section titled “为何使用长期指令”没有长期指令时:
- 您必须为每一项任务都提示智能体
- 智能体在请求之间处于闲置状态
- 例行工作容易被遗忘或拖延
- 您成为瓶颈
拥有长期指令时:
- 智能体在定义的边界内自主执行
- 例行工作按计划进行,无需提示
- 您仅在例外情况和审批环节介入
- 智能体利用闲置时间高效产出
长期指令在您的智能体工作区文件中定义。推荐的做法是将其直接包含在 AGENTS.md 中(该文件会在每次会话中自动注入),以便智能体始终掌握这些上下文。对于较大的配置,您也可以将其放置在专用文件中(例如 standing-orders.md),并从 AGENTS.md 引用它。
每个程序指定:
- 范围——代理被授权执行的操作
- 触发器——何时执行(计划、事件或条件)
- 审批关口——在采取行动前哪些事项需要人工签字批准
- 升级规则——何时停止并请求帮助
智能体通过工作区启动文件在每个会话中加载这些指令(有关自动注入文件的完整列表,请参阅智能体工作区),并结合 cron 作业 进行基于时间的强制执行,从而据此执行任务。
常备指令剖析
Section titled “常备指令剖析”## Program: Weekly Status Report
**Authority:** Compile data, generate report, deliver to stakeholders**Trigger:** Every Friday at 4 PM (enforced via cron job)**Approval gate:** None for standard reports. Flag anomalies for human review.**Escalation:** If data source is unavailable or metrics look unusual (>2σ from norm)
### Execution steps
1. Pull metrics from configured sources2. Compare to prior week and targets3. Generate report in Reports/weekly/YYYY-MM-DD.md4. Deliver summary via configured channel5. Log completion to Agent/Logs/
### What NOT to do
- Do not send reports to external parties- Do not modify source data- Do not skip delivery if metrics look bad - report accurately常备指令结合 Cron 作业
Section titled “常备指令结合 Cron 作业”常备指令定义了代理被授权做什么。Cron 作业 定义了何时发生。它们协同工作:
Standing Order: "You own the daily inbox triage" ↓Cron Job (8 AM daily): "Execute inbox triage per standing orders" ↓Agent: Reads standing orders → executes steps → reports resultsCron 作业提示词应引用常备指令,而不是重复它:
openclaw cron add \ --name daily-inbox-triage \ --cron "0 8 * * 1-5" \ --tz America/New_York \ --timeout-seconds 300 \ --announce \ --channel imessage \ --to "+1XXXXXXXXXX" \ --message "Execute daily inbox triage per standing orders. Check mail for new alerts. Parse, categorize, and persist each item. Report summary to owner. Escalate unknowns."示例 1:内容和社交媒体(每周周期)
Section titled “示例 1:内容和社交媒体(每周周期)”## Program: Content & Social Media
**Authority:** Draft content, schedule posts, compile engagement reports**Approval gate:** All posts require owner review for first 30 days, then standing approval**Trigger:** Weekly cycle (Monday review → mid-week drafts → Friday brief)
### Weekly cycle
- **Monday:** Review platform metrics and audience engagement- **Tuesday-Thursday:** Draft social posts, create blog content- **Friday:** Compile weekly marketing brief → deliver to owner
### Content rules
- Voice must match the brand (see SOUL.md or brand voice guide)- Never identify as AI in public-facing content- Include metrics when available- Focus on value to audience, not self-promotion示例 2:财务运营(事件触发)
Section titled “示例 2:财务运营(事件触发)”## Program: Financial Processing
**Authority:** Process transaction data, generate reports, send summaries**Approval gate:** None for analysis. Recommendations require owner approval.**Trigger:** New data file detected OR scheduled monthly cycle
### When new data arrives
1. Detect new file in designated input directory2. Parse and categorize all transactions3. Compare against budget targets4. Flag: unusual items, threshold breaches, new recurring charges5. Generate report in designated output directory6. Deliver summary to owner via configured channel
### Escalation rules
- Single item > $500: immediate alert- Category > budget by 20%: flag in report- Unrecognizable transaction: ask owner for categorization- Failed processing after 2 retries: report failure, do not guess示例 3:监控和警报(持续)
Section titled “示例 3:监控和警报(持续)”## Program: System Monitoring
**Authority:** Check system health, restart services, send alerts**Approval gate:** Restart services automatically. Escalate if restart fails twice.**Trigger:** Every heartbeat cycle
### Checks
- Service health endpoints responding- Disk space above threshold- Pending tasks not stale (>24 hours)- Delivery channels operational
### Response matrix
| Condition | Action | Escalate? || ---------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------ || Service down | Restart automatically | Only if restart fails 2x || Disk space < 10% | Alert owner | Yes || Stale task > 24h | Remind owner | No || Channel offline | Log and retry next cycle | If offline > 2 hours |执行-验证-报告模式
Section titled “执行-验证-报告模式”常备指令在与严格的执行纪律相结合时效果最佳。常备指令中的每一项任务都应遵循此循环:
- 执行——执行实际工作(不要仅仅确认指令)
- 验证——确认结果正确(文件存在、消息已发送、数据已解析)
- 报告——告知所有者已完成的工作和已验证的结果
### Execution rules
- Every task follows Execute-Verify-Report. No exceptions.- "I'll do that" is not execution. Do it, then report.- "Done" without verification is not acceptable. Prove it.- If execution fails: retry once with adjusted approach.- If still fails: report failure with diagnosis. Never silently fail.- Never retry indefinitely - 3 attempts max, then escalate.此模式可防止最常见的代理失败模式:确认任务但未完成。
对于管理多个关注点的代理,请将常备指令组织为具有清晰边界的独立程序:
## Program 1: [Domain A] (Weekly)
...
## Program 2: [Domain B] (Monthly + On-Demand)
...
## Program 3: [Domain C] (As-Needed)
...
## Escalation Rules (All Programs)
- [Common escalation criteria]- [Approval gates that apply across programs]每个程序应包含:
- 其自身的触发频率(每周、每月、事件驱动、持续)
- 其自身的审批关卡(某些程序需要比其他程序更多的监督)
- 清晰的边界(代理应知道一个程序在哪里结束,另一个程序从哪里开始)
- 从狭窄的权限开始,随着信任的建立而扩展
- 为高风险操作定义明确的审批关卡
- 包含“禁止事项”部分——边界与权限同样重要
- 结合 Cron 作业以实现可靠的基于时间的执行
- 每周检查代理日志以验证常备指令是否被遵循
- 随着需求的发展更新长期指令——它们是动态文档
- 在第一天就给予广泛的权限(“做任何你认为最好的事情”)
- 跳过升级规则——每个程序都需要一个“何时停止并询问”的条款
- 假设代理会记住口头指令——将所有内容写入文件
- 在单个程序中混合关注点——为不同的域设置独立的程序
- 忘记通过 cron 作业强制执行——没有触发器的长期指令将变成建议